When the following accuracies are required in a workpiece, they can be achieved by lapping.
1. Parallelism
2. Flatness
3. Roughness
4. Thickness

1.

Movement tracks are different:

Lapping is performed in a planet 4-ways (self-turning) tracks while traditional wheel grinding operates in a linear reciprocal cuttings.

2.

Grinding media are different:

Lapping uses very fine-meshed powders freely-moving between the workpiece and the lapping plates so that a very fine surface can be produced . Wheel-grinding uses a sintered disc wheel rotating regularly at a high speed, grinding occurs on the workpiece.

3.

Properties of workpieces machined are different:

Most materials that cannot be magnetized are suitable to be lapped while work pieces that attract magnetism can be easily ground by wheel-grinding.
Lapping can be applied simultaneously to more workpieces in a lot as long as the space on the carriers is sufficiently available. On the contrary, the wheel grinding is restricted in the grinding lane each time when grinding is performed.

4.

Surface glossiness is different:

After lapping, the surface of the part presents light-grey matte and lapping tracks are invisible because particles have been microscopically implanted on the surface while in lapping. But after wheel-grinding, the surface is very glossy with visible linear tracks.

When we estimate the cost for lapping a part, the following factors have to be taken into consideration:

1.

Hardness: It takes more time for harder materials while soft materials can be processed more quickly but its accuracy is more difficult to control.

2.

Properties of material: Each kind of materials has its own anti-wear property. For instance, the SUS 3 series of stainless steel is very resistant to wear and it takes more times to process. The cost of labor is therefore relatively higher. Another example is tungsten carbide, which is extremely resistant to wear and lapping become harder than cast iron or cast steel .

3.

The thickness: The bigger the thickness is reserved, the more times it will take.

4.

Precision of accuracy required: The higher the accuracy needed, the more efforts to be made, the costs be higher.

5.

Treatment after processing: It includes treatments such as chamfering (grinding with vibration), blacking (anti-rust coating), immersing in anti-rust or drying, quality inspection or special packing, etc.

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